The thyroid is a small butterfly-shaped gland situated in the lower part of the neck, to be precise just below the Adam’s apple. This gland secretes hormones like triiodothyronine and thyroxin which delivers energy to the cells in the entire body. This affects the body’s metabolism and energy level as a whole. It is one of the most common medical conditions but their symptoms often are misjudged and appear gradually. It judiciously controls the distribution of energy evenly in the entire body. Thyroid also produces calcitonin which plays a role in calcium homeostasis. The ‘capsula glandulae thyroidea’ at times becomes abnormal and secretes hormones not according to the body’s requirement which results in a thyroid disorder. There are more than 27 million cases which are observed every year and make their lives difficult as well. Problems of thyroid can cause malfunctioning of ovaries, testicles & various other parts of the reproductive system. Hereditary factor is the most common cause in most of the cases. Women are the usual preys in case of thyroid problems, although men also do catch it but the rate of disorders is higher among females rather than males. In disorders the function of this gland can become hyperactive or even quite slow; both cases are harmful since these glands control the flow of energy which is vital for any human being.
There are various thyroid related disorders but some of them have been observed to be the most common among people. Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid), hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid), goiter (enlarged thyroid), thyroid nodules (lumps in the thyroid gland), thyroid cancer (malignant thyroid tissues or nodules) and thyroiditis (inflammation of the thyroid) are some of the most common ones to be diagnosed. There are various signs and symptoms which can confirm the problem of thyroid. Muscle & joint pains, carpal tunnel/tendonitis problems, enlargement of the thyroid gland & discomfort in the neck, hair & skin changes, fertility problems, menstrual irregularities and bowel problems are some of the crucial symptoms. Family history, cholesterol problems, depression & anxiety, weight issues and fatigue are some other visible symptoms which have often been seen among patients. Diagnosis of hypothyroidism is usually straightforward, once it is confirmed. Patients with hypothyroidism due to Hashimoto’s thyroiditis have an abnormal abundance
of serum (thyroid stimulating hormone).
The treatment for this problem depends on the severity of the disorder and the time elapsed in getting the medication. The treatment of hypothyroidism is treated by reducing the excess hormones present. They can be treated by surgery, radioactive iodine treatment, & antithyroid drug therapy. Autoimmune thyroid disease treatment includes Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and Grave’s disease. It is usually indicated through the presence of antibodies. The treatment of goiter is done by thyroid hormonal replacement drugs which slow down, stop or shrink the growth and helps in curing the disorder. Thyroid cancer is of four types which are papillary, follicular, medullary and anaplastic. The treatments of all these types of thyroid cancers are done through surgery and if required strong medicines like steroids. We advise everyone to take good care of themselves in order to avoid any such development of complications or disorders. Therefore, any kind of thyroid disorder may occur in any human being, its treatment can be done only if the patient gets it on the right time.
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