A Nail is a horn-like structure at the end of an animal's finger or toe made of a tough protein called keratin. The major enemies of nails are water, cold, aggressive manicures, detergents, certain solvents, allergic substances, trauma. The fingernails and toenails may also suffer from fungal infections (dermatophytes) and bacteria. The most common changes are as follows:

Fungi: The most common fungal infections affecting fingernails and toenails are caused by fungi known as dermatophytes. During the fungal infections, the nail is detached from the nailbed, and then appear whitish-yellow spots. As the infection increases, it may appear on the infected nail a green pigment resulting of a significant bacterial colonization. The base of the finger becomes red and painful. The infection can actually appear first in one nail and then extend to other nails. Humidity (water) may promote chronic infection.

Cosmetic allergies: cosmetic allergies can occur in the nails after applying on the skin (sensitive skin) some products that contain allergic substances. This reaction can be characterized in many different ways. For example, in some cases, the nails are split into layers, in others, the nails may have streaks or grooves. Sometimes, it can appear on the nails white, black or brown spots. Likewise, nails or cuticle inflammation can happen.

Drug Allergies: Those types of allergies can occur in the nails after taking drinks, food or drugs containing allergenic substances. The nails change color, become black, others brown, green, etc.. The only difference in these colors with those caused by trauma, fungi, or systemic diseases is that they may disappear in a very short time.

The Paronychia: Paronychia is a soft tissue infection around a fingernail. It occurs when bacteria entering the skin around the nail. It is characterized by an inflammation of the folds around the nails. Generally infectious, the proximal fold is the one most affected by intense inflammation, swelling and pain, often with blisters, pustules or bulbs and loss of cuticles. It usually reaches only one or two fingers. The routes of infection are usually minimal injuries. It is also associated with the habit of sucking the finger, manicures and removing false nails. The treatment is based antiseptics, emollients, antifungics and antibiotics.

Other nails problems: The nails tend break and split easily by traumatic process, aggressive manicures; or the use of chemicals, such as alkaline detergents, bad cosmetics, nail hardeners excessively charged with formalin or poorly made solvents. Malnutrition can affect the nails due to lack of vitamins and minerals. Nutritional deficiencies reflect on the state of health of our nails, they become brittle, fragile, soft, lose their thickness and texture, and have spots of different colors.

Prevention

The preventive treatment of nails consists of a good hygiene: cut the nails properly, treat early the thickening of the base of the nail (onychauxis) and any fungal infections of the nails. Avoid the nails to: water (for a long period of time) aggressive manicures, detergent products, bad cosmetics, allergic substances, trauma, bacteria or fungi.

Natural Herbal remedies

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Author's Bio: 

Raphaelo is a nutritionist who strongly believes in natural healing and disease prevention. He loves to share his own personal beneficial experience with natural remedies to others. To learn more about treatment for nail fungus, nails vitamins, etc. Visit his nail fungus natural remedy website.