Catalysis
Enzymes are a class of biological catalysts. They govern many catalytic processes such as metabolism, nutrition, and energy conversion of organisms. Most of the reactions closely related to life processes are enzyme-catalyzed reactions.
These properties of the enzyme enable the ... Views:321
With the advent of more and more new enzyme preparations, medical enzymes will become a new bright spot in the international pharmaceutical market. There are only a few varieties of domestic medical enzymes such as multi-enzyme tablets. Enzyme is a general term for important protein and ... Views:319
1. Are probiotics bacteria?
When it comes to bacteria, many people equate it with pathogenic bacteria and "sterilize" as much as possible. However, not all bacteria are harmful. There are many microorganisms such as bacteria that are beneficial to human health. They are generally divided into ... Views:317
As a highly efficient biocatalyst, enzymes can accelerate biochemical reactions in living organisms. They can also be extracted from cells and then used in a wide range of commercially important catalytic processes. For example, they play an important role in the production of sweeteners and in ... Views:316
Enzyme preparations have penetrated into all aspects of our lives due to their high efficiency, safety, non-toxic side effects and low environmental impact. For example, the bread we eat, the juice and beverage we drink, the seasoning for cooking, and the paper documents we use can all use ... Views:313
There are more than 50 kinds of microorganisms (including aerobic bacteria and anaerobic bacteria) living in the vagina of healthy women, and it is also a microbial ecology. Aerobic bacteria include: vaginal bacillus (dominant), corynebacterium, non-hemolytic streptococcus, enterococcus, ... Views:311
Glucosidase is a large class of enzymes in glycoside hydrolase (EC 3.2.1). It is named because it can hydrolyze the glucoside bond and release a molecule of glucose.
Glucosidase has a wide range of sources, and it exists in almost all organisms with cellular structure that use carbohydrates ... Views:309
Industrialization has changed our past dietary habits of natural foods. At the same time, environmental pollution makes our food more or less contaminated. Hypertension, coronary heart disease, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, obesity and other cardiovascular diseases based on the typical symptoms of ... Views:309
Enzymes are vital to the human body. Without enzymes, cells in our body will not be able to carry out chemical reactions because the energy required is too grate. Enzymes reduce the activation energy response that needs to occur, thus allowing our body to perform a series of reactions at low ... Views:308
The concept of natural farming is to protect the natural ecological environment and human health. Enzymes in agriculture can be widely used in natural farming.
1. Improve soil quality
Enzymes are natural fertilizers that improve the soil environment and turn barren land into fertile ... Views:307
In order to carry out various life activities, the organism must obtain energy and produce new substances needed for its growth. By ingesting nutrients, organisms produce energy through decomposition; or produce new substances through synthesis. In organisms, nutrition molecules participate in ... Views:306
Enzymes are an active substance produced by organisms and catalysts for various biochemical reactions in the body. The digestion, absorption and utilization of various nutrients must depend on the action of enzymes. Enzymes have the characteristics of specificity, high efficiency and ... Views:306
How does life appear on earth? This has always been an unsolved mystery. According to the Physicists Organization Network, Canadian researchers published a report in the latest issue of Science that an RNA polymerase played an important role in the birth of life on earth. The new research ... Views:303
At the beginning of this century, clinics began to measure enzymes in body fluids to diagnose diseases. For example, Wohlgemuth determined urine amylase (AMY) as early as 1908 to diagnose acute pancreatitis. In the 1930s, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was clinically used to diagnose skeletal ... Views:303
High school textbooks say that most enzymes are proteins. This sentence is not comprehensive, and you can't know this fact just by deduction—enzymes are not only proteins, but also RNases.
What is an enzyme?
Enzymes are defined as macromolecules capable of catalyzing biochemical reactions. ... Views:303
Enzymes are an active substance produced by organisms and catalysts for various biochemical reactions in the body. The digestion, absorption and utilization of various nutrients must depend on the action of enzymes. Enzymes have the characteristics of specificity, high efficiency and ... Views:302
As an efficient biocatalyst, enzyme preparations are widely used in the production of food additives. In the 1940s, the microbial enzyme preparation industry became the main source of enzyme preparations due to its wide variety, fast growth, easy processing and purification, and relatively low ... Views:295
At the beginning of the 20th century, the enzymes in body fluids were measured clinically to diagnose diseases. For example, Wohlgemuth measured amylase (AMY) in urine as early as 1908 to diagnose acute pancreatitis. In the 1930s, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was clinically tested for the ... Views:294
1 Application in the wine industry
Malt is the main raw material for beer. Poor malt quality or large amounts of auxiliary materials such as barley and rice will cause insufficient activity of amylase, glucanase, and cellulase. As a result, insufficient saccharification and insufficient ... Views:294
Simple Proteinases and Conjugated Proteases
Proteins are divided into simple proteins and combined proteins. Similarly, according to chemical composition, enzymes can also be divided into two major categories: simple proteinases and conjugated proteases. General hydrolytic enzymes, such as ... Views:292
The enzymes are the general term for important protein biochemical substances. Both plants and animals have enzymes. As early as more than 100 years ago, scientists have isolated a physiological enzyme, trypsin, from the digestive tract fluids of animals. In a test tube, this substance can break ... Views:292
Lipids are hydrocarbon-containing molecules that make up the structure and function of living cells. Lipids include fats, oils, waxes, certain vitamins (such as vitamins A, D, E, and K), hormones, and most cell membranes that are not composed of proteins. Lipids are insoluble in water because ... Views:292
In the process of planting crops, human beings usually suffer from insect pests, which seriously affect the yield and quality of food. In order to prevent and control pests, people have to use pesticides to escort crop planting and production.
Organophosphorus is a common pesticide, and ... Views:288
As a kind of enzymes for diagnostic use. Serum amylase (AMS) is the main type of amylase in serum. It belongs to glycoside chain hydrolase, which is mainly derived from the pancreas. In addition, there are also a small amount of secretion in the proximal duodenum, lung, uterus, and breast during ... Views:288
Amylase is a general term for enzymes that hydrolyze starch and glycogen with the specificity of enzyme preparation. Its main mechanism of action is to hydrolyze starch into maltose, glucose, dextrin, etc. To understand amylase, we must first understand starch, which is a storage polysaccharide ... Views:286
The factors that affect enzyme catalysis (that is, enzyme activity) will definitely affect the rate of enzymatic reactions, but the factors that affect the rate of enzymatic reactions do not necessarily affect the catalysis. pH, temperature, ultraviolet light, heavy metal salts, inhibitors, ... Views:286
The modern industry's interpretation of enzymes refers to proteins with catalytic functions. Enzymes, as natural catalysts, promote various chemical reactions in cells and play a vital role in the existence of living organisms. It has been 130 to 140 years since the concept of enzyme was put ... Views:284
The gastrointestinal tract represents the most extensive interface between the human organism and the external environment. The human gastrointestinal tract is settled by a complex microbial ecosystem, in which microbiota, nutrients and host cells interact extensively. This is a crucial process ... Views:282
The biological function of restriction enzymes is derived from the defense of foreign DNA from invading cells. The restriction-modification system of bacteria makes the DNA bases of bacteria to be methylated and modified, so that they are not recognized and cut by their own restriction ... Views:282
Lysozyme is a powerful bactericidal substance discovered in nasal mucus by British bacteriologist Fenin in 1929, and was subsequently named lysozyme.
Lysozyme, also known as muramidase or glycoside hydrolase or N-acetyl muramidyl glycanhydrolase, is a hydrolase that specifically acts on the ... Views:278
In 2018, the global enzyme product market reached approximately US$9.3 billion. It is expected that from 2019 to 2025, this market will grow at a compound annual growth rate of 7.1%, reaching a scale of US$14.9 billion. Increasing demand for enzymes in industries such as food and beverages, ... Views:278
Cellulose accounts for about 1/2 of the total dry weight of plants. It is the oldest and most abundant natural polymer material on earth, and it is the inexhaustible and most precious natural renewable resource for mankind. However, due to the high degree of polymerization of plant fiber and the ... Views:277
We are very familiar with amylase, no matter in biochemistry, biochemical inspection, or internal medicine, we cannot avoid amylase. Amylase testing is also one of the most commonly used testing items in clinical laboratories.
The discovery of amylase can be traced back to the first ... Views:276
There are as many as four to five hundred kinds of bacteria in the human intestine, some of which secrete antibiotic-like substances to combat harmful bacteria such as Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, and Clostridium perfringens. Such bacteria are called probiotics. The presence ... Views:275
Disinfection methods are divided into physical methods, chemical methods and biological methods. The use of biological enzymes as disinfectants should be one of the biological disinfection methods. Biological disinfection is the use of animals, plants, microorganisms and (or) their metabolites ... Views:274
Penicillinase is an enzyme that acts on the β-lactam ring of penicillin to convert penicillin into penicillic acid, which has no antibacterial activity. A variety of penicillin-resistant bacteria can produce this enzyme, such as the penicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcusaureus and the ... Views:273
The International System Classification of Enzymes proposed by the Enzymology Committee of the International Society of Biochemistry divides all known enzymes into six categories according to the types of reactions they catalyze, which are represented by numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, ... Views:273
With the continuous development of society, people often suffer from indigestion due to busy work, irregular diet, or unhealthy food. Indigestion occurs through the upper digestive tract. The main symptom of indigestion is excessive pain, most often causing a burning sensation in the upper ... Views:272
The use of restriction enzymes to characterize DNA has been popular since the 1970s. Today, this technique remains one of the easiest and fastest ways to evaluate DNA sequences. As with most laboratory reagents, restriction endonuclease can be fickle. Whether you are simply digesting a plasmid, ... Views:271
There are two types of enzymes produced by biological cells: one type of enzymes that are produced inside the cell and then secreted outside the cell for action, called extracellular enzymes. Most of these enzymes are hydrolases. For example, the two amylases used in enzymatic production of ... Views:270
More than 30 years ago, when people were studying the host-specific restriction-modification phenomenon of bacteriophages, restriction endonucleases were discovered for the first time. Bacteria can resist the invasion of new viruses, and this method of limiting the survival of viruses can be ... Views:270
At present, people have a deep understanding of the importance of macro-ecological balance, but micro-ecological balance is far from receiving the attention it deserves. Understanding the importance of the micro-ecological balance of the human body and maintaining the micro-ecological balance ... Views:269
Ascorbate oxidase is a copper-containing enzyme, located in the cytoplasm or combined with the cell wall, and coupled with other redox reactions to act as a terminal oxidase. It can catalyze the oxidation of ascorbic acid, has anti-aging effects, and plays an important role in material ... Views:268
What is the role of protease?
One of the main functions of proteases is to process proteins. Proteins in the body are difficult to digest and do not contain enzymes. Other types of proteases are involved in regulating the activities of blood clotting cells. These enzymes are also called ... Views:267
Thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) is similar in activity to glutathione reductase (GR), catalyzing the reduction of GSSG to GSH, and is one of the key enzymes of the glutathione redox cycle.
TrxR is a dimeric flavoproteinase, a member of the pyridine nucleotide disulfide reductase family, widely ... Views:266
Lipase, also known as glyceride hydrolase, is a glycoprotein composed of 2%-15% sugar bases, the basic unit of which is mannose. Lipase exists in fat-containing animal, plant and microbial (such as mold, bacteria, etc.) tissues, including phosphatase, sterolase and carboxylesterase, fatty acids ... Views:266
Collagen is a family of proteins. At least 30 kinds of genes encoding collagen chains have been found, which can form more than 16 kinds of collagen molecules. According to its structure, it can be divided into fibrous collagen, basement membrane collagen, microfibrillar collagen, anchored ... Views:266
Enzymes have unparalleled advantages over ordinary catalysts and have been widely used in food, medicine, textile, detergent and cosmetics industries. Most of these applications are performed in aqueous solution, but many valuable products are insoluble in water, and there are many useful ... Views:264
Ligase is an enzyme that catalyzes the joining of two molecules into one molecule or the end to end of a molecule. This reaction is coupled with the decomposition reaction of ATP. When the two molecules are connected, the high-energy phosphate bond of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is broken, such ... Views:264
Papain is a low specificity proteolytic enzyme. It is widely found in the roots, stems, leaves and fruits of papaya, and has the highest content in immature latex. Papain is a sulfhydryl protease, and its active site contains cysteine, which has the characteristics of high enzymatic activity, ... Views:262